However, according to the provided picture, I don't see a VGA connection output on the motherboard. Can a monitor be connected some other way or do I definitely need some sort of video card?
Yep, there is no VGA 15 pin sub connector on this form factor motherboard.
You will need either, a PCI graphics card, or an AGP one.
You will be better to go with an AGP type, as this uses it's own databus, and will not share bandwith with the PCI bus, therefore benefitting from the AGP's overall specifications such as refresh speeds and on board memory use.
The FX5200 is a basic one and will work well, 128Mb on board memory, and is compatible with the AGP slot on your motherboard.
You could spend more money on a far superior AGP card, however this is dependent on exactly what you want out of your PC, high resolution graphics for gaming etc, would be better off going for a 256Mb one, or similar.................
